What are the possible effects of trauma?

The experience of war and its consequences can significantly influence the risk of developing a psychological disorder. According to a UNICEF study, one in five children is afflicted by PTSD, depression, anxiety disorders and other trauma sequelae. The consequences of trauma can vary considerably. Here we would like to give a brief overview of potential trauma sequelae.

These may occur both in isolation and in combination with one another:

• Emotional and psychological effects: Many children affected by war experience displacement as well as loss of their own homes, communities, schools and often the death of family members. They often endure considerable mental suffering, which manifests itself in anxiety disorders, depression and feelings of powerlessness. They suffer from nightmares, flashbacks, and have trouble regulating their emotions.

• Physical effects: War trauma can also manifest itself in various physical symptoms. Examples include headaches, abdominal pain and exhaustion. A lack of medical care, food and hygiene in the war zones can exacerbate these symptoms.

Displacement and loss: Many children affected by war experience displacement as well as loss of their own homes, communities, schools and often family members. This can lead to feelings of great sadness, confusion and uncertainty.

• Behavioural problems: Children may exhibit symptoms such as aggression, withdrawal, bed-wetting, or excessive attachment as a result of trauma. Hypervigilance or concentration disorders are also common.

• Relationships and socialisation: War trauma can have a significant impact on children’s relationships with those around them. The affected children find it difficult to trust others, interact with other children and make friends.